|
Alstonia boonei De Wild.
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Alkaloids (echitamine, echitamidine, voacangine,
akuammidine, N-formylechitamidine,
α-formyl-12-methoxyechitamidine), tannins, iridoids
(boonein, loganin), triterpenoids (lupeol, ursolic acid,β-amyrin) |
|
Brillantaisia patula P. Beauv.
|
Acanthaceae |
DR Congo |
Leaves Root |
Alkaloids, Tannins,Anthocyanins, polyphenol, reducing sugars, steroid, coumarins |
|
Pupalia lappacea
Juss.
|
Amaranthaceae |
Unspecified |
Leaves |
Alkaloids, amino acids, glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides,saponins, tannins, starch, coumarins, terpenoids, andsteroids such as 1-docosanol, stearic acid, stigmasterol,
sitosterol, N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninol acetate, setosterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside,
stigmasterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside, and 20-hydroxyl ecdysone |
|
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.)
Mosyakin&Clemants(cited
as Chenopodium ambrosioides
L.)
|
Amaranthaceae |
Benin, Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Allium sativum L.
|
Amaryllidaceae |
Unspecified |
Bulb large/white cloves Bulb small/purple cloves |
Alliin,γ-glutamylcysteine peptides, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and sulfides |
|
Allium cepa L.
|
Amaryllidaceae |
Benin |
Bulb |
|
|
Sorindeia juglandifolia A. Rich
|
Anacardiaceae |
Cameroon |
Fruit |
C-glycosylflavone, 2'',6''-di-O-acetyl-7-O-methyl vitexin,
2''-O-acetyl-7-O-methyl vitexin, mearnsitrin,
robustaflavone, 3-O-galloyl catechin, tachioside,
3O-O-D-glucopyranosyl-O-stigmasterol, methyl gallate,
2,3,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3,6-trihydroxymethyl
benzoate |
|
Mangifera indica L.
|
Anacardiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves Root |
|
|
Lannea nigritana(Sc.Elliot) Keay
|
Anacardiaceae |
Unspecified |
Root |
Tannins and phenolic compounds (Lanneanol) |
|
Lannea kerstingii Engl. et K. Krause
|
Anacardiaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Spondias mombin Linn
|
Anacardiaceae |
Benin, Ivory coast |
leaves stem bark |
|
|
Annona muricata L.
|
Annonaceae |
Cameroon |
Pericarp (e)
Root (m)
Stem Bark (e)
Seed (m)
Root (m)
Stem (e) |
Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids Saponines, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Root ethanol extract) Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Root methanol extract) |
|
Annona reticulata L.
|
Annonaceae |
Cameroon |
Fruit (e.d)
Twig (e.d)
Root (e.d)
Leaf (he)
Stem Bark (d) |
Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Glycosides,Triterpenes (Fruit and root ethanol extracts, stem bark dichloromethane extracts, Fruit dichloromethane extract ) Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Root dichloromethane extract) |
|
Artabotrys rufus DeWild.
|
Annonaceae |
Cameroon |
Leaf (d)
stem(e) |
Phenols, Flavonoids, Saponines, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Leaf dichloromethane extract) Phenols, Tannins,Flavonoids, Saponines, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Stem ethanol extract) |
|
Polyalthia suaveolens Engl. & Diels
|
Annonaceae |
Cameroon |
Trunk (e)
stem (d)
stem bark (d) |
Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponines, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenes (Stem dicloromethane extract) Phenols, Flavonoids, Saponines, Alkaloids (Trunk ethanol extract) Phenols, Tannins, Saponines, (Twig ethanol extract) |
|
Annickia chloranta (Oliv.) Setten and Maas
|
Annonaceae |
Cameroon |
stem bark stem |
Berberine and protoberberine alkaloids: palmatine,
jatrorrhizine, columbamine |
|
Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. &
Diels) Verdc. (cited as Polyalthia suaveolens Engl. & Diels)
|
Annonaceae |
|
stem bark |
Polysin, greenwayodendrin-3-one, 3-O-acetyl
greenwayodendrin, N-acetylpolyveoline, polyveoline,
indolosesquiterpenes, aporphines |
|
Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. and Diels
|
Annonaceae |
Ghana |
Stem bark |
Alkaloids,Flavonoids,Triterpenoids,Glycosides |
|
Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich
|
Annonaceae |
Benin, Ivory coast |
fruit |
|
|
Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal
|
Annonaceae |
Benin |
Seed |
|
|
Annona senegalensis subsp. oulotricha Le Thomas
|
Annonaceae |
DR Congo |
Leaves Root |
Saponosides, Tannins. Anthrocyanins, Free quinones, polyphenol, reducing sugars, Terpenoids, steroid, coumarins |
|
Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) T. Durand et Schinz
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
Saponins, polar steroidal glycosides, steroidal glycosides, alkaloids including holaphylline, holaphyllamine, holamine, holaphyllinol, holaphyllidine, holadysamine, holarrhesine,
conessine, conanine, conamine, progesterone, norconessine (kurchine), conessimine, kurchamine, conimine, conamine, holarrhenine, holarrhimine, conarrhimine |
|
Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr.
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Tannins,Alkaloids,Triterpenoids,Glycosides |
|
Strophanthus hispidus DC
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
|
|
Mondia whitei (Hook.f.)
Skeels
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
|
|
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)
Chiov.
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Periploca nigrescens Afzel
|
Apocynaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Secamone afzelii (Roem.&
Schult.) K.Schum.
|
Apocynaceae |
Ghana |
Aerial parts |
|
|
Aglaonema commutatum Schott
|
Araceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Calcium oxalate crystals |
|
Anchomanes difformis Engl
|
Araceae |
Benin |
Rhizomes |
|
|
Borassus aethiopum Mart.
|
Arecaceae |
Ghana |
Flower |
|
|
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
|
Arecaceae |
Ivory coast |
leaves |
|
|
Launaea taraxacifolia (Wild.) Schum
|
Asteraceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Vernonia amygdalina Del
|
Asteraceae |
Benin, DR congo |
Leaves Root |
Alkaloids,Saponosides, Tannins,Anthocyanins, Free quinones, polyphenol, reducing sugars, Quinone related,Terpenoids, steroid, Coumarins |
|
Aloe tenuifolia Lam
|
Asparagaceae |
DR Congo |
Leaves Root |
Alkaloids, Tannins,Anthocyanins, Free quinones, polyphenol, reducing sugars, Quinone related,Terpenoids, steroid |
|
Dracaena arborea (Willd.)
Link
|
Asparagaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv
|
Bignoniaceae |
Benin, Ghana, Ivory coast |
Root |
Carbohydrates, alkaloids, Tannin glycosides, steroids,
saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, flavonoids,
tannins,glycosides |
|
Stereospermmum kunthianum (Cham)
|
Bignoniaceae |
Benin |
Root |
|
|
Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv) Seeman
|
Bignoniaceae |
Benin |
Root |
|
|
Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill et Perr.) Brenan
|
Caesalpinaceae |
Benin |
stem bark |
|
|
Piliostigma thonningii (K. Schum.) Milne-Redh
|
Caesalpinaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Ritchiea capparoides (Andrews) Britten
|
Capparaceae |
Benin |
root |
|
|
Euadenia eminens Hook.f.
|
Capparaceae |
Ghana |
root |
|
|
Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertner
|
Capparaceae |
Ghana |
root |
|
|
Carica papaya L.
|
Caricaceae |
Ivory coast |
Stem bark leaves |
Phenols, Tannins, saponins,Alkaloids, glycosides Tannins, saponins,Alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenes |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn
|
Chenopodiaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Cleome gynandra L
|
Cleomaceae |
Ghana |
Whole plant |
|
|
Cleome viscosa L.
|
Cleomaceae |
Benin, Ghana |
Leaves |
Alkaloid, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes,
carbohydrates |
|
Garcinia kola Heckel
|
Clusiaceae |
Benin |
root |
|
|
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill et Perr
|
Combretaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Terminalia glaucescens Planch
|
Combretaceae |
Benin |
bark/root |
|
|
Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels
|
Combretaceae |
|
|
|
|
Ageratum conyzoides
(L.) L.
|
Compositae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids lycopsamine, dihydrolycopsamine,
acetyl-lycopsamine, N-oxides, methoxylated flavonoids,
chromenes |
|
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
|
Compositae |
Ghana, Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Vernonia amygdalina Delile
|
Compositae |
Ghana, Cameroon |
Leaves |
Alkaloid, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, Phenols,Glycosides, Triterpenes |
|
Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.)
Amin exC.Jeffrey
|
Compositae |
Benin |
Leaves |
|
|
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Okem
|
Crassulaceae |
Benin |
Leaves |
|
|
Kedrostis foedissima (Jacq.) Cogn.
|
Cucurbitaceae |
Benin |
Leaves |
|
|
Cyperus cyperoides (L.)
Kuntze.(citedas Mariscus
alternifolius Vahl.)
|
Cyperaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Bridelia ferruginea
Benth.
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Ghana |
Stem bark |
Polyphenols, steroids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids,
alkaloids, quercetin derivatives such as rutin, myricetin
derivatives gallocatechin-(4'-O-7)-epigallocatechin;
3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,3,4,5-tetracaffeoylquinic acid; lignans deoxypodophyllotoxin, β-peltatin, β-peltatin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,
5'-demethoxy-β-peltatin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
|
Jatropha curcas L.
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
flavonoids, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, stigmasterol, β-D-sitosterol, β-D-glucoside, sapogenins, alkaloids, triterpene alcohol, and 1-triacontanols |
|
Euphorbia kamerunica Pax
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Benin |
bark |
|
|
Hymenocardia acida Tul
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Benin |
bark |
|
|
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.)
Müll.Arg
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Ricinus communis L.
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Euphorbia unispina N.E.Br.
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Benin |
Trunk |
|
|
Jatropha gossypifolia L.
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Benin |
Leaves |
|
|
Manihot esculenta Crantz
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Lonchocarpus cyanescens (Schum. et Thonn.) Benth
|
Fabaceae |
Benin |
root |
|
|
Sacoglottis
gabonensis (Baill.)Urb.
|
Humiriaceae |
Ivory Coast |
Stem bark |
Bergenin, sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids |
|
Ocimum gratissimum Linn
|
Lamiaceae |
Ghana, Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Ocimum canum Sims
|
Lamiaceae |
Ghana, Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Hoslundia opposita Vahl
|
Lamiaceae |
Ghana |
leaves |
|
|
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Syn. Cassia
occidentalis L.)
|
Leguminosae |
|
Leaves |
Acrosin, aloe-emodin, emodin, anthraquinones, anthrones, apigenin, aurantiobtusin, campesterol, cassiollin, chrysoobtusin, chrysophanic acid, chrysarobin, chrysophanol, chrysoeriol, emodin, essential oils,funiculosin, galactopyranosyl, helminthosporine, islandicine, kaempferol, lignoceric acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, mannitol, mannopyranosyl, matteucinol, obtusifolin, obtusin, oleic acid, physcion, quercetin,
rhamnosides, rhein, rubrofusarin, sitosterols, tannins, xanthosine |
|
Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.Macbr.
|
Leguminosae |
Ghana |
seed |
|
|
Bauhinia thonningii Schum (cited as Piliostigma
thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh.)
|
Leguminosae |
Benin, Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Erythrophleum suaveolens
(Guill. etPerr.)Brenan
|
Leguminosae |
Benin |
Root Stem bark |
|
|
Philenoptera cyanescens (Schum. &Thonn.)Roberty (cited as Lonchocarpus cyanescens (Schum. Et Thonn.) Benth)
|
Leguminosae |
Benin |
Root |
|
|
Senna alata (L.) Roxb.(cited as Cassia alata L.)
|
Leguminosae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Tetrapleurate traptera
(Schum. etThonn.)Taub
|
Leguminosae |
Ghana, Benin |
Fruit |
|
|
Allium cepa Linn
|
Liliaceae |
Benin |
bulb |
|
|
Aloë buettneri A. Berger
|
Liliaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Spigelia anthelmia L.
|
Loganiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Strychnos icaja Baill
|
Loganiaceae |
DR Congo |
Stem |
Alkaloids, Saponosides, Tannins, polyphenol, reducing sugars, coumarins |
|
Tapinanthus bangwensis
(Engl. &K.Krause)Danser
|
Loranthaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott&
Endl.
|
Malvaceae |
Ivory coast |
Fruit |
|
|
Sida acuta Burm.f.
|
Malvaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana
|
Melastomataceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Azadirachta indica A.Juss
|
Meliaceae |
Ghana |
leaves |
|
|
Khayas enegalensis (Desv.)A.
Juss.
|
Meliaceae |
Ghana |
Stem Bark |
|
|
Turraea heterophylla Sm.
|
Meliaceae |
Ghana |
leaves |
|
|
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. et Thonn.) Taub.
|
Mimosaceae |
Benin |
fruit |
|
|
Ficus exasperata Vahl.
|
Moraceae |
Ghana, Benin |
leaves |
Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides |
|
Ficus asperifolia Miq.
|
Moraceae |
Ghana |
Bark |
|
|
Ficus binjamina,
|
Moraceae |
|
stem root leaves |
|
|
Ficus elastica,
|
Moraceae |
Cameroon |
Aerial roots |
|
|
Ficus saussureana
|
Moraceae |
Cameroon |
|
|
|
Moringa oleifera Lam.
|
Moringaceae |
Ghana, Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Musa acuminata Colla (cited
as Musa sinensis Sagot ex
Baker)
|
Musaceae |
Benin |
Stem |
|
|
Musa paradisiacaL.
|
Musaceae |
Ivory coast |
Stem |
|
|
Psidium guajava L.
|
Myrtaceae |
|
Leaves |
Phenol, tannin (Amritoside: ellagic acid 4-gentiobioside,
Guavins A, B, C, and D, isostrictinin (V), strictinin,
pedunculagin, (+)-gallocatechin), flavonoid (quercetin and
its glycosides, morin-3-O-α-L-lyxopyranoside,
morin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, kaempferol,
luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside), carotenoid,
terpenoid, triterpene, isoprenoids (monoterpenes:
caryophyllene oxide, β-selinene, 1,8-cineole, β-pinene,
myrcene, γ-elemene, d-limonene, caryophyllene, linalool,
eugenol, β-bisabolol, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene,
Me 2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-(R)-carboxylate (cis and trans),
ethyl 2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-(R)-carboxylate (cis and
trans), aromadendrene, α- and β-selinene, caryophyllene
epoxide, carophylladienol, (E)-nerolidol,
Selin-11-en-4-alpha-ol, and terpenoids: guavanoic acid,
guavacoumaric acid, guajanoic acid, ursolic acid,
2α-hydroxyursolic acid, Maslinic acid, asiatic acid,
Jacoumaric acid, isoneriucoumaric acid, guajavanoic acid,
guajavolide, guavenoic acid) |
|
Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
|
Myrtaceae |
Benin |
Seed |
Essential oils, eugenol, eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene,
methyl amyl ketone, α- and β-humulene, benzaldehyde,
methyl salicylate, α-cubebene, α-copaene, γ-cadinene and
γ-cadinene β-ylangene and chavicol vanillin, crategolic acid,
tannins, gallotannic acid, flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol,
rhamnetin, eugenitin, triterpenoids like oleanolic acid |
|
Eugenia aromatica (Linn.) Baill
|
Myrtaceae |
Benin |
fruit |
|
|
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
|
Myrtaceae |
Cameroon |
leaves |
Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids |
|
Boerrhavia erecta Linn
|
Nyctagynaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Boerhavia diffusa L.
|
Nyctagynaceae |
Ghana |
Whole plant |
|
|
Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock
|
Periplocaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Piper guineense Schum. et Thonn.
|
Piperaceae |
Benin |
seeds |
|
|
Gratiola officinalis L.
|
Plantaginaceae |
Ghana |
Bark |
Alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, coumarin derivatives,
mannitol, glycoside-like substances, Gratiogenin,
16-hydroxygratiogenin, cucurbitacins E and I, glycosides
gratiogenin-3beta-D-glucoside, gratioside, elaterinide,lignans |
|
Phyllanthus amarus
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins (geraniin, corilagin,
1,6-digalloylglucopyranoside rutin,
quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, amarulone, phyllanthusiin
D and amariin), lignans (niranthin, nirtetralin, phyltetralin,
hypophyllanthin, phyllanthin, demethylenedioxy-niranthin,
5-demethoxy-niranthin, isolintetralin), polyphenolic
compounds, tetracyclic triterpenoids |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Alkaloids (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirphyllin,
phyllnirurin, phyllanthol, phyllanthenol, rhamnopyranoside,
phyllanthenone, lintetralin, astragalin, cymene, niranthin,
nirtetralin, niruriside, phyllochrysine,
4-methoxy-securinine, 4-methoxy-nirsecurinine, limonene,
niruretin, nirurin, phyllochrysine), steroids (β-sitosterol,
cholesterol), flavonoids (quercetin, quercetin heteroside,
quercetol, quercitrin, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy flavanone,
3,5,7-trihydroxy flavonol), other compounds (estradiol,
corilagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, rutin, gernanine,
rutinoside, lupa, lupeol, methyl salicylate), saponins
(triacontanal, triacontanol) |
|
Bridelia ferruginea Benth
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Benin |
Stem bark |
Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponines |
|
Hymenocardia acida Tul.
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Benin |
Bark |
|
|
Phyllanthus muellerianus
(Kuntze)Exell
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Eleusine indica Linn
|
Poaceae |
Benin |
plant |
|
|
Imperatacylindrica (L.)
Raeusch.
|
Poaceae |
Ivory coast |
Root |
|
|
Zea mays L.
|
Poaceae |
Ghana |
Grains |
|
|
Carpolobia lutea G. Don
|
Polygalaceae |
Benin |
Stem |
|
|
Portulaca oleraccea L.
|
Portulacaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Hydrastis canadensis L.
|
Ranunculaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
Alkaloids (major: hydrastine, berberine, canadine; minor:
hydrastinine, canadaline, isohydrastidine, 1-β-hydrastine,
5-hydroxytetrahydroberberine, (S)-corypalmine,
(S)-isocorypalmine, (S)-tetrahydropalmatine, Berberastine,
8-oxotetrahydrothalifendine, Canadinic acid), flavonoids
(6,8-C-dimethylluteolin 7-methyl ether, 6-C-methylluteolin
7-methyl ether, sideroxylin, 8-desmethyl-sideroxylen,
6-desmethyl-sideroxylin), organic acids (quinic acid
derivatives, hycandinic acid esters,
5-O-(4'-[β-d-glucopyranosyl]-trans-feruloyl) quinic),
Sterols (β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside), volatile oil, resin,and fatty acids |
|
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach.
& Thonn
|
Rubiaceae |
Ghana |
Bark |
|
|
Mitracarpushirtus (L.) DC
(cited as Mitracarpusvillosus
(Sw.)DC
|
Rubiaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. &Timler
|
Rutaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
Essential oils, benzophenanthridine, furoquinoline,
aporphine alkaloids, fagaronine, dihydroavicine,
chelerythrine, oxychelerythrine, skimmianine and
8-methoxydictamine, as well as the aporphines
magnoflorine, berberine, tembetarine, N-methyl-corydine,
N-isobutyldeca-2, 4-dienamide,
N-isobutylocta-2,4-dienamide, arnottianamide, fagaramide,
piperlonguminine, rubemamin, N-isopentyl-cinnamamide,
umbelliferone, scopoletin, scoparone, xanthotoxin,
imperatorin, bergapten, marmesin, pimpinellin; lignan
sesamin, C-7 epimer asarinin, sterols zanthoxylol, diosmin,
fagarol, hesperidin, lupeol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol,
campesterol, β-amyrin,: vanillic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid,
parahydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid,
parafluorobenzoic acid, divanilloylquinic acids burkinabin
A, burkinabin B, and burkinabin C |
|
Clausena anisata (Wild.) Hook. f.
|
Rutaceae |
|
Root |
|
|
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.)
Swingle
|
Rutaceae |
Ghana, Benin |
Fruit,
Root |
|
|
Clausena anisata (Wild.)
Hook.f.exBenth
|
Rutaceae |
Benin |
Root |
|
|
Paullinia pinnata Linn
|
Sapindaceae |
Benin, Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertner
|
Sapotaceae |
Benin, Ivory coast |
leaves |
|
|
Capsicum annum L
|
Solanaceae |
Benin, Ghana |
Fruit |
Saponins, alkaloids, quarternary bases, anthracenosides, flavanosides, flavonds, coumarin derivatives, steroid ,glycosides, anthocyanosides, essential oils, waxes,
capsanthin, capsorubin, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lutein, capsaicinoids |
|
Solanum torvum Sw.
|
Solanaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Isoflavonoid sulfate, steroidal glycosides, chlorogenone, neochlorogenone, triacontane derivatives, 22-β-O-spirostanol oligoglycosides, 26-O-β-glucosidase |
|
Nicotiana tabacum L.
|
Solanaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Solanum erianthum D.Don
|
Solanaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves Fruit |
|
|
Solanum rugosum Dunal
|
Solanaceae |
Ivory coast |
Leaves |
|
|
Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.
(cited as Talinumtriangulare
(Jacq.) Willd.)
|
Talinaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
|
|
Leea guineensis G. Don
|
Vitaceae |
Ghana |
Root |
|
|
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.
f.
|
Xanthorrhoeaceae |
Ghana |
Leaves |
Chromone, anthraquinone, anthrone derivatives, anthraquinones, saponins, salicylic acids, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin |
|
Aloe buettneri A.Berger
|
Xanthorrhoeaceae |
Benin |
Leaves |
|
|
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum
|
Zingiberaceae |
Benin, Ghana |
fruit |
|
|
Curcuma longa L.
|
Zingiberaceae |
Benin |
leaves |
|
|
Mixture of Spigelia
anthelmia L. and Zea
mays L.
|
Tonic 1 |
Ghana |
Leaves grain |
Spigelia anthelmia: alkaloid spiganthine, ryanodine, volatile
alkaloids, isoquinoline, actinide isomer, quaternary
alkaloids, choline, benzoylcholine, 2,3-dimethylacrolyl
choline, phenylcarboxylic acids, flavonoids
Zea mays: proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, volatiles oils,
steroids such as sitosterol and stigmasterol, alkaloids,
saponins |
|
Mixture of Citrus
aurantifolia
(Christm.) Swingle
and Gossypium
barbadense L.
|
Tonic 2 |
|
Leaves |
C. aurantifolia: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins,
steroids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar,
5-geranyloxypsoralen, 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin,
5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 5-methoxypsoralen,
5,8-dimethoxypsoralen, 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione,
1-methoxy-ciclohexene, corylone, palmitic acid α-terpineol,
umbelliferone
Gossypium barbadense: gossypol, 1,1-dimethybutanol,
(3-ethyl-2 oxiranyl) ethanone, (3-ethyl-2 oxiranyl) ethanone,
4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene bicycle (7.2.0) undec-4-ene,
9-octadecene, hexadecene,
1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexany)-4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-ol,
9-eicosene, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester palmitic acid,
3-eicosene, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester
linolenic acid, phytol-2-hexadecen-1-ol, oleic acid
9-octadecanoic acid, 1-tricosene, hexadecanoic acid,
pentafluoropropionic acid heptadecyl ester, 13-octadecenal,
di-n-octylphthalate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, squalene
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl |
|
Mixture of Jatropha
curcas L., Gossypium
hirsutum L., Physalis
angulata L., and
Delonix regia
(Hook.) Raf
|
Tonic 3 |
|
Leaves |
Jatropha curcas: flavonoids, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, sterol stigmasterol, β-D-sitosterol, β-D-glucoside, sapogenins, alkaloids, triterpene alcohol, 1-triacontanol
Gossypium hirsutum: gossypol and cyclopropenoid fatty acids including dihydrosterculic, sterculic, and malvalic acids
Physalis angulate: flavonoids (A flavonol glycoside, myricetin
3-O-neohesperidoside), alkaloids (phygrine) and many different types of plant steroids (physalins) A-W, withanolides, physagulins A, B, C, and D, withanolides,
withangulatins B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, withangulatin I, physangulidines A, B, and C, carotenoids, and oleanolic acid
Delonix regia: sterols, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds,saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, tannins, steroids,β-sitosterol, carotene, hydrocarbons phytotoxins,
carotenoids, lupeol, epilupeol, stigmasterol, p-methoxybenzaldehyde, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside 1,quercetin 3-rhamnoside 2, kaempferol 3-glucoide 3,kaempferol 3-rutinoside 4, kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside 5, quercetin 3-rutinoside 6 and quercetin 3-glucoside 7,
anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-o-glucoside, cyanidin 3-o-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-o-rutinoside |
